Asthma is a common, long-term condition that affects the lungs. It causes the airways (the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs) to become inflamed, swollen, and narrowed. This can make breathing difficult and may lead to episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
Asthma can affect people of all ages and often starts in childhood, but it can also develop in adulthood. While asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, allowing most people to live full and active lives.
Common Symptoms of Asthma
- Wheezing – a whistling sound when breathing
- Shortness of breath, especially after exercise or exposure to triggers
- Chest tightness or pressure
- Persistent cough, often worse at night or early in the morning
Common Triggers for Asthma
Asthma symptoms may come and go depending on certain “triggers”. These vary from person to person but can include:
- Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal fur, or mould
- Respiratory infections such as colds or flu
- Physical exercise, particularly in cold weather
- Smoke, pollution, or strong fumes
- Weather changes, especially cold or damp air
- Stress, strong emotions, or laughing
Asthma Attacks
An asthma attack happens when symptoms suddenly get much worse. The muscles around the airways tighten, and the lining of the airways swells, making it hard to breathe.
If your reliever inhaler (such as Ventolin/salbutamol) does not ease your symptoms within one hour, you should seek urgent medical help immediately by calling 999.
